Cov pwm dub(lub npe scientific: Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.) Underw), tseem hu ua pob ntseg ntoo, npauj ntoo, Dingyang, nceb ntoo, pob ntseg ntoo sib dua, pob ntseg ntoo zoo thiab pob ntseg huab, yog cov pwm saprophytic uas loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo lwj. Cov pwm dub yog nplooj zoo li lossis yuav luag zoo li hav zoov, nrog cov npoo wavy, nyias, 2 txog 6 cm dav, txog 2 hli tuab, thiab kho rau lub substrate nrog lub qia luv luv lossis lub hauv paus nqaim. Thaum ntxov, nws yog mos thiab colloid, nplaum thiab elastic, thiab tom qab ntawd me ntsis cartilaginous. Tom qab ziab, nws shrinks muaj zog thiab ua dub, tawv thiab brittle horny rau yuav luag tawv. Ntug sab nraud ntawm nraub qaum yog arc-puab, ntshav-xim av rau tsaus xiav-grey, thiab sparsely npog nrog cov plaub hau luv luv.
Cov cheeb tsam sov ntawm Northeast Asia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sab qaum teb Suav teb, yog qhov chaw nyob tseem ceeb rau cov tsiaj quscov pwm dubHauv thaj chaw sov ntawm North America thiab Australia, cov kab mob dub tsis tshua muaj thiab tsuas pom nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Australia. Elderberry thiab ntoo qhib yog cov chaw nyob rau cov kab mob dub hauv cov teb chaws Europe sov, tab sis tus lej tsawg heev.
Tuam Tshoj yog lub nroog yug ntawmcov pwm dub. Lub teb chaws Suav tau lees paub thiab tsim cov nceb dub thaum ntxov li lub sijhawm Shennong ntau tshaj 4,000 xyoo dhau los, thiab pib cog qoob loo thiab noj nws. "Phau Ntawv Kev Cai" kuj sau tseg kev noj cov nceb dub ntawm cov rooj noj mov imperial. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein, cov vitamins thiab hlau hauv cov nceb dub qhuav yog siab heev. Nws cov protein muaj ntau yam amino acids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lysine thiab leucine. Cov nceb dub tsis yog tsuas yog khoom noj xwb, tab sis kuj siv tau ua tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb uas tsim cov nceb tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj. Nws muaj ntau yam tshuaj xws li rov ua kom cov qi thiab cov ntshav rov qab, ua kom cov ntsws ntub thiab txo cov hnoos, thiab tiv thaiv kev los ntshav.
Cov pwm dubyog ib txwm cog rau ntawm cov ntoo. Tom qab kev txhim kho kev cog qoob loo hloov pauv tau zoo hauv xyoo 1980s, kev cog qoob loo hloov pauv tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev cog qoob loo tseem ceeb rau cov pwm dub.
Cov pwm dubCov txheej txheem cog qoob loo Cov nceb dub cog qoob loo muaj cov txheej txheem meej heev, ntawm cov uas tseem ceeb yog cov hauv qab no:
Kev xaiv thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub pob ntseg
Rau kev xaiv thaj chaw pob ntseg, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog qhov cua zoo thiab lub hnub ci, yooj yim ntws thiab ywg dej, thiab nyob deb ntawm cov chaw ua qias tuaj. Thaum tsim thaj chaw pob ntseg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xaiv cov hlau hlau rau lub txaj pw, uas tuaj yeem txuag cov khoom siv raw, txhim kho qhov cua thiab lub teeb kis tau, thiab tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab. Kev txau dej feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev kho saum toj kawg nkaus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej txau zoo ib yam thiab txuag cov peev txheej dej. Cov khoom siv txau dej yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej ua thaj chaw.
Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw
Cov khoom siv sib tov rau cov pwm dub yog sib tov cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb, calcium carbonate thiab bran kom sib npaug, thiab tom qab ntawd kho cov dej kom txog li 50%.
Kev ntim hnab
Cov khoom siv hauv lub hnab yog cov khoom siv polyethylene uas muaj zog tsawg, nrog rau qhov ntsuas ntawm 14.7m × 53cm × 0.05cm. Lub hnab yuav tsum ntom txaus yam tsis hnov zoo li mos, thiab tib lub sijhawm, xyuas kom meej tias txhua lub hnab ntawm cov khoom siv cog qoob loo yog li 1.5kg.
Kev txhaj tshuaj
Ua ntej kauj ruam no, daim ntaub thaiv ntawm lub tsev cog qoob loo yuav tsum tau txo qis. Tom qab ntawd, xyuam xim rau kev tua kab mob ntawm lub thawv txhaj tshuaj. Lub sijhawm tua kab mob yuav tsum tswj tau ntau tshaj ib nrab teev. Lub koob txhaj tshuaj thiab lub tes tsho yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tso rau hauv lub hnub, thiab tom qab ntawd tua kab mob thiab txhuam nrog cawv. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem ntub rau hauv li 300 npaug ntawm carbendazim li 5 feeb. Tom qab ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ziab hauv lub hnub. Cov neeg ua haujlwm txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum ntxuav lawv txhais tes nrog cawv, thiab tom qab ntawd ziab lawv hauv lub thawv txhaj tshuaj.
Kev cog cov nceb
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlobcov pwm dub, qhov txuas no tseem ceeb heev. Kev tswj cov pwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev cog cov pwm dub. Nws yog feem ntau hais txog kev tswj qhov kub hauv lub tsev cog khoom kom tsim nyog, uas yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev ciaj sia ntawm mycelium. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm nruj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau, thiab qhov kub yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv tiag tiag. Hais txog qhov chaw tso cov mycelium, cov ntoo nceb yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ib pawg "ncaj" tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Rau kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm peb-qhov thiab plaub-qhov ib qho nceb, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov caws pliav raug tso rau sab saud. Qhov caws pliav ntawm ob txoj kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum ntsib ob sab. Lub pawg yog li 7 txheej siab. Ntawm txheej sab saud, them sai sai rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm sab qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj kom tsis txhob muaj dej daj.
Cov khoom noj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Cov pwm dubTsis yog tsuas yog du thiab qab xwb, tab sis kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus. Nws nyiam lub koob npe nrov ntawm "nqaij ntawm cov neeg tsis noj nqaij" thiab "vaj ntxwv ntawm cov neeg tsis noj nqaij". Nws yog ib qho tonic paub zoo. Raws li kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshuaj xyuas, txhua 100g ntawm cov nceb tshiab muaj 10.6g ntawm cov protein, 0.2g ntawm cov rog, 65.5g ntawm carbohydrates, 7g ntawm cellulose, thiab ntau cov vitamins thiab minerals xws li thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, thiab hlau. Ntawm lawv, hlau yog qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws. Txhua 100g ntawm cov nceb tshiab muaj 185mg ntawm cov hlau, uas yog ntau dua 20 npaug ntau dua li celery, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaub nplooj, thiab yuav luag 7 npaug ntau dua li daim siab nqaij npuas, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom noj tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hu ua "tus yeej hlau" ntawm cov khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov protein ntawm cov nceb dub muaj ntau yam amino acids, suav nrog lysine, leucine thiab lwm yam amino acids tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev, nrog rau cov nqi biological siab. Cov pwm dub yog cov pwm colloid, muaj ntau cov colloid, uas muaj cov roj nplua nyeem zoo rau tib neeg lub cev zom zaub mov, tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom noj seem thiab cov khoom siv fibrous uas tsis zom tau hauv plab thiab txoj hnyuv, thiab muaj cov nyhuv yaj rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws xws li cov seem ntoo thiab cov hmoov av xuab zeb uas noj tsis raug. Yog li ntawd, nws yog thawj qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus rau cov neeg ua paj rwb thiab cov neeg koom nrog kev khawb av, hmoov av, thiab kev tiv thaiv txoj kev. Cov phospholipids hauv cov pwm dub yog cov as-ham rau cov hlwb ntawm tib neeg thiab cov hlwb, thiab yog cov tshuaj kho mob hlwb pheej yig rau cov hluas thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv hlwb.
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